Toxicologist Dementi's report developed in response to requests from within the Virginia Health Department for a review of the available literature relating to the health effects of fluoride. This April 1980 report has recently been recovered after having been missing since about 1985. (Summary starting on page 40.)
Toxicologist Dementi's report developed in response to requests from within the Virginia Health Department for a review of the available literature relating to the health effects of fluoride. This April 1980 report has recently been recovered after having been missing since about 1985. (Summary starting on page 40.)
Toxicologist Dementi's report developed in response to requests from within the Virginia Health Department for a review of the available literature relating to the health effects of fluoride. This April 1980 report has recently been recovered after having been missing since about 1985. (Summary starting on page 40.)
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COMMONWEALTH of VIRGINIA
Department of Heatth
109 Governor Street
Richunond, Fa, 23219
JAMES 8 KENLEY, MO.
Commissioner
TOXIC SUNSTANCES INFORM
204) 706 1769
FLUORIDE IN DRINKING WATER
Brian A. Dementi, Ph.D.
Toxicologist
April 1980Fluoride in Drinking Water
Introduction
This report was developed in response to requests from within the
“Health Department for a review of the available literature relating
to the health effects of fluoride. It is not the near here to
review extensively information related to the question of the efficacy
of fluoride in preventing dental caries, though the subject will be
touched upon. Particular enphasis has been placed upon those studies
which relate to health effects reported to be associated with the
1-10 ppm fluoride level in drinking water. Such information should
be helpful to those who must decide whether fluoride lévels in excess
of 1.8 ppm in drinking water pose adverse health effects of a magnitude
sufficient to warrant fluoride reduction.
Fluoridation of public water supplies at the 0.8-1.2 ppm level is
widespread in the United States, a practice which has increased
continually since 1945 when it was first introduced in Grand Rapids,
Michigan. According to Sanders (1980), ‘approx imately 110 million
Americans drink water that is naturally or artificially fluoridated.
The other-half of our population does not consume fluoridated water.
Approximately 73 million of the latter live in communities which have
chosen not to fluoridate and 37 million lack centralized water supplies
for fluoridation. A large body of information has developed on the
subject during the years as fluoridation has become more widespread.
There are several scientific studies and many government reports on
the subject. The same body of scientific information finds itsexpression repeatedly in many settings. Unfortunately, while there
is a substantial body of scientific information not all parties agree
as to its interpretation and much additional basic research is sorely
needed to pin down the biological effects of fluoride and the levels
at which adverse health effects would be.expected. Every effort
has been made in this report to adhere to the ideal of presenting
only scientific information and discussion pertaining to it. The re
Port necessarily strives within the constraints of time to nies
information and to identify and critically evaluate several of the
studies which show or carry the imp! ications of health effects in
man. This report is not complete. The evaluation of the health
effects of fluoride must continue, as long as the substance is found
in drinking water, tooth paste, mouth rinses, etc., and concern exists
as to its safety.
This review is divided into sections covering not only dental effects
but skeletal system effects, kidney effects, Down's syndrome, muta-
genesis, DNA studies and cancer. There are important studies in
al] these areas and it is important to consider all the information
in reaching a general understanding of the health effects of fluoride.
Health Effects
The World Health Organization (1970) has discussed at length certain
aspects of the health effects of fluoride. This volume has been
reviewed and an attempt made to identify, by subject author(s) and
page number, key statements which address the question of health
effects observed at various fluoride concentrations. Many of these
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