You are on page 1of 47
fs @ COMMONWEALTH of VIRGINIA Department of Heatth 109 Governor Street Richunond, Fa, 23219 JAMES 8 KENLEY, MO. Commissioner TOXIC SUNSTANCES INFORM 204) 706 1769 FLUORIDE IN DRINKING WATER Brian A. Dementi, Ph.D. Toxicologist April 1980 Fluoride in Drinking Water Introduction This report was developed in response to requests from within the “Health Department for a review of the available literature relating to the health effects of fluoride. It is not the near here to review extensively information related to the question of the efficacy of fluoride in preventing dental caries, though the subject will be touched upon. Particular enphasis has been placed upon those studies which relate to health effects reported to be associated with the 1-10 ppm fluoride level in drinking water. Such information should be helpful to those who must decide whether fluoride lévels in excess of 1.8 ppm in drinking water pose adverse health effects of a magnitude sufficient to warrant fluoride reduction. Fluoridation of public water supplies at the 0.8-1.2 ppm level is widespread in the United States, a practice which has increased continually since 1945 when it was first introduced in Grand Rapids, Michigan. According to Sanders (1980), ‘approx imately 110 million Americans drink water that is naturally or artificially fluoridated. The other-half of our population does not consume fluoridated water. Approximately 73 million of the latter live in communities which have chosen not to fluoridate and 37 million lack centralized water supplies for fluoridation. A large body of information has developed on the subject during the years as fluoridation has become more widespread. There are several scientific studies and many government reports on the subject. The same body of scientific information finds its expression repeatedly in many settings. Unfortunately, while there is a substantial body of scientific information not all parties agree as to its interpretation and much additional basic research is sorely needed to pin down the biological effects of fluoride and the levels at which adverse health effects would be.expected. Every effort has been made in this report to adhere to the ideal of presenting only scientific information and discussion pertaining to it. The re Port necessarily strives within the constraints of time to nies information and to identify and critically evaluate several of the studies which show or carry the imp! ications of health effects in man. This report is not complete. The evaluation of the health effects of fluoride must continue, as long as the substance is found in drinking water, tooth paste, mouth rinses, etc., and concern exists as to its safety. This review is divided into sections covering not only dental effects but skeletal system effects, kidney effects, Down's syndrome, muta- genesis, DNA studies and cancer. There are important studies in al] these areas and it is important to consider all the information in reaching a general understanding of the health effects of fluoride. Health Effects The World Health Organization (1970) has discussed at length certain aspects of the health effects of fluoride. This volume has been reviewed and an attempt made to identify, by subject author(s) and page number, key statements which address the question of health effects observed at various fluoride concentrations. Many of these =e

You might also like